Downstream Discharge

Managing the Risk of Mine Sulphate Discharge to Downstream Ecosystems

The discharge of mine water containing sulphate may pose potential ecological risk to receiving waters. In this paper, we demonstrated the application of a risk-based approach to managing sulphate discharge using a coal mine in the Bowen Basin (Australia) as a case study. This approach integrates information on sulphate concentration and its ecological impact to quantify the risk and evaluate t...

Some observed queue discharge features at a freeway bottleneck downstream of a merge

Details of traffic evolution were studied upstream and downstream of a freeway bottleneck located near a busy on-ramp. It is shown that on certain days the bottleneck became active upon dissipation of a queue emanating from somewhere further downstream. On such occasions, the bottleneck occurred at a fixed location, approximately one kilometer downstream of the merge. Notably, even after the di...

Downstream Regulation In

Downstream Investment in Oligopoly

We examine cost-reducing investment in vertically-related oligopolies, where firms may be vertically integrated or separated. Analyzing a standard linear Cournot model, we show that: (i) Integrated firms invest more than separated competitors. (ii) Vertical integration increases own investment and decreases competitor investment. (iii) Firms may integrate strategically so as to preempt investme...

Downstream in America.

-Misonidazole (MISO) potentiates the action of cyclophosphamide (CY) and melphalan in the WHFIB culture-adapted fibrosarcoma, whether assayed by cell survival or tumour-growth delay. In the case of CY, MISO also inhibited recovery from potentially lethal drug damage. The optimum effect was seen when MISO was given 1 h before CY, though it was also effective when given 6 h before or 1 h after th...